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UNIT 1: The Origin
Most of the world runs on Windows or macOS. But the internet runs on Linux.
1. What is Linux?
Linux is not an application; it is a Kernel. It is the core "brain" of the operating system that translates your software commands into hardware actions (CPU/RAM).
History: In 1991, a student named Linus Torvalds created it as a hobby project. He wanted a free version of UNIX. Today, it powers 100% of the world's supercomputers.
2. Linux vs. The World
| Feature | Linux | Windows | macOS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cost | Free (Open Source) | Expensive ($100+) | Hardware Dependent |
| Security | Very High (Permissions) | Targeted by Viruses | High |
| Control | Absolute (Root Access) | Restricted | "Walled Garden" |
| Updates | No forced reboots | Forced updates | Controlled by Apple |
3. The Open Source Philosophy
Linux is licensed under the GPL (General Public License).
- Free as in "Free Beer": You don't pay for it.
- Free as in "Free Speech": You can see the code, change the code, and redistribute the code.
4. Advantages & Limitations
✅ Advantages
- Stability: Servers run for years without rebooting.
- Security: Almost immune to traditional .exe viruses.
- Performance: Runs on old hardware.
❌ Limitations
- Gaming: Fewer AAA games supported.
- Software: No Adobe Photoshop or MS Office.
- Curve: Requires learning the terminal.
⚠️ The Insight
Why are you here? Because Cloud Computing, AI, and Cybersecurity depend on Linux. If you can only use a mouse, you are a User. If you can use the Terminal, you are an Engineer.